Thomas Hobbes And The Commonwealth - 1044 Words

This following quote by Thomas Hobbes contains a rather straightforward message pertaining to the commonwealth. Based on this quote, it can be derived that submission pertains to giving up or rather transferring our rights to the sovereign. Hobbes states earlier about the generation of a commonwealth, which he states, â€Å"I authorize and give up my right of governing myself, to this man, or to this assembly of men, on this condition that thou give up thy right to him, and authorize all his actions in like manner† (Hobbes, Part 3, 25 of 42). Based on this quote, Hobbes defines how commonwealth is generated, which he states that one must basically surrender part of his liberty to the sovereign in order to attain the mutual benefit. The commonwealth refers to the common peace and safety of citizens as Hobbes defines commonwealth as â€Å"One person, of whose acts a great multitude, by mutual covenants with one another, having made themselves every one the author, to the end he may use the strength and means of them all for their peace and common defense† (Hobbes, Part 3, 26 of 42). Hobbes states that in transferring our rights to the sovereign in order to maintain self-preservation, the act of this submission involves our obligation and liberty. In order to meet the goal of security and defense, one must oblige to the civil laws and obey the rules of sovereignty so that one may receive protection under the rule of sovereign. To receive full protection and security, Hobbes alsoShow MoreRelatedThomas Hobbes And The Philosophy Of Political Science1729 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernment. While studying, Thomas Hobbes wondered about why people were allowing themselves to be ruled and what would a great form of government for England. He reasoned that people were naturally wicked and shouldn’t be trusted to govern themselves because they were selfish creatures and would do anything to better their position and social status. These people, when left alone will go back to their evil impulses to get a better advantage over others. So Thomas Hobbes concluded that the best formRead MoreHobbes And Malcolm X s Views On Political Legitimacy Essay1721 Words   |  7 PagesMuslim black nationalist from the 1960’s – hypothetically of course. One might think that they would have absolutely nothing in common; however, Thomas Hobbes and Malcolm X have more in common than it appears. While the two theorists are very different, they share several common ideas about political legitimacy. In this paper, I will argue that although both Hobbes and Malcolm X would agree that a government must provide protection for its citizens to be considered legitimate, Malcolm X extends that criteriaRead MoreThomas Hobbes Philosophical Political Piece1317 Words   |  6 PagesThomas Hobbe s philosophical political piece The Leviathan argues that society functions most effectively if all state and commonwealth is delegated by an all powerful s overeign, and that without it we are in a state of chaos, otherwise titled by Hobbes as the state of nature (Thomas Hobbes, 2002, p. 181). I will argue that it is not possible to acknowledge what life is like in the state of nature without fully acknowledging that life in the state of nature leads to an all-powerful sovereignRead MoreThomas Hobbes s Leviathan 1190 Words   |  5 PagesThe source which will be analysed is the frontispiece of Thomas Hobbes most famous work ‘Leviathan’ and ‘Leviathan’ as a whole. The frontispiece is considered as prominent as the arguments put forth by Thomas Hobbes in the ‘Leviathan’ itself. The frontispiece depicts a crowned figure grasping a crosier and a sword. This figure, or ‘Leviathan’, represents the all-powerful, comprehensive state. When looked at closely, the torso and arms of the figure are made up of hundreds of individual people, whoRead More Thomas Hobbes View on Government Essay5 67 Words   |  3 PagesThomas Hobbes View on Government      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thomas Hobbes in his controversial work, the Leviathan, declares that such   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   a government based on the rule of the common people, would result in   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   anarchy and total pandemonium.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   But before one can understand Hobbes view on government, it is important   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   to understand how Hobbes feels about people. Hobbes has a very   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   materialistic view on the world because of his belief that the movements Read MoreThomas Hobbes and John Locke Essay1020 Words   |  5 PagesHobbes and Locke John Locke and Thomas Hobbes were famous political Theorists among other things in their time. Hobbes who was born 40 years before Locke had a very different perspective to Locke and both will be examined more through this essay. Even though many of there theories were different in the sixteenth century Hobbes and Locke s theories became closer as the rise of the state and decline of the feudal system brought about the question of authority. Read MoreThomas Hobbes Leviathan801 Words   |  4 PagesThe true essence of Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan is a well-constructed story that examines human nature. Hobbes’ introduces Leviathan during a chaotic period filled with death and a voyage of human expansion, which leads to the creation of a logical and sustainable society. This society is the commonwealth and led by a sovereign. Upon first analysis, Hobbes’ explanation of the alteration to the commonwealth is questionable. Some weaknesses in Hobbes’ Leviathan can be easily found: the inconsistency ofRead More Force, Morality and Rights in Thomas Hobbes and John Lockes Social Contract Theories1632 Words   |  7 PagesForce, Morality and Rights in Thomas Hobbes and John Lockes Social Contract Theories Throughout history, the effects of the unequal distribution of power and justice within societies have become apparent through the failure of governments, resulting in the creation of theories regarding ways to balance the amount of power given and the way in which justice is enforced. Due to this need for change, Thomas Hobbes and John Locke created two separate theories in which the concept of a social contractRead MoreHobbes And The Natural State Of Nature Essay1514 Words   |  7 Pages A hallmark of Thomas Hobbes political philosophy lies in his delineations of two distinct conditions which men can reside in; the state of nature, and the commonwealth led by a sovereign, otherwise referred to as the Leviathan. In order to illustrate how the former state gives way to the latter, Hobbes constructs a perception of nature in which the lives of men are riddled with ambiguity, fear, and distrust. He proposes, then, that the optimal civil society is not constructed by embracing the na turalRead MoreThe Seatbelt Law, By Thomas Hobbes, And Jean Jacques Rousseau1262 Words   |  6 Pagesof philosophers Thomas Hobbes, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and whether or not this law is ethical. THOMAS HOBBES Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) was an English philosopher who is best known for his work in political ethics. Hobbes had a pessimistic view of the human race, however his theory has been used as a major influence on western political views. In 1651, Thomas Hobbes wrote Leviathan, in which he states that life before government was violent, brutal, and barbaric. Hobbes continues on to

Social Networking Dos and Donts Essay examples - 692 Words

Social Networking sites and application are an increasingly entwined part of our everyday lives. We use them to communicate with friends and family all over the globe, to chat with friends down the hall to decide where to eat, to network for jobs, and to connect with others with similar interests. However, much like any other part of the internet, social networks can be frought with serious security risks, both for your person, and your data. Many social networks will tell you that the more you put into them (your information), the more you get out of them (connections, recommendations, etc.). However, despite the aura of privacy they try to engender, one must keep in mind that social network takes place in essentially public†¦show more content†¦DO Use a strong password. Use privacy settings. Insist your friends use theirs too. NEVER leave anything but the bare minimum as publically available. Make sure only your accepted friends or followers can see what you put up. Even then leaks, hacks, and privacy policy revisions are not unheard of. Dont assume what you do post IS secure, despite the settings. Use HTTPS to connect to your social networking sites whenever possible, especially when connecting from a public hotspot. Be wary if your social networking service only uses HTTP for login credentials only. Whenever possible, organize contacts into categories. Most of us do this between friends and family anyway, but from a security standpoint it might also make sense to separate best friends from person I met yesterday afternoon DO Verify friend/follower requests. Dont accept just anyone. Most scams start by someone bluffing their way onto your friends list. KNOW who youre sharing your information with. Verify links, attachments, downloads, emails, anything sent to you. Even your trusted friends couldve had their accounts hacked. Dont wire that emergency money until you can voice-verify. Investigate exactly what information any third-party add-ons, games, extensions, etc. will be privy to. Does that poker game REALLY need access to your contacts list? Read up on the security tips and instructions provided by the SocialShow MoreRelatedCase Study Essay1478 Words   |  6 Pagesvalue of service and returning customers, and with these ideals he created a new branch of IBM which would focus on specific problems for each of their customers. The new IBM would help customers with everyday tasks such as shipping, purchasing, networking, and marketing. Gerstner realized that IBM’s true potential was deeply imbedded in its strengths, which were research and integrated computers. Within about 1 year of Gerstner taking charge, IBM developed software which would allow computer systemsRead MorePrivacy? Why Do You Need Privacy? Essay1122 Words   |  5 PagesUp to date, social networking sites, such as Facebook, have more than 750 million active users, and these users contribute about of 30 billion pieces of shared information (blogs, web links, pictures, etc.) each month. This by no means indicates that social networking sites, simil ar to Facebook, are a private place. Every â€Å"log in to Facebook† you click to connect to other websites, every status update on your wall, with every Twitter post, or Foursquare check-in you allow others to view your lifeRead MoreEssay On Someone Is Always Watching1455 Words   |  6 Pagesinto one of the many social media sites offered via the world wide web. Some users say that if you aren’t doing anything wrong, what does it matter if our every move is being tracked and recorded. It matters because our privacy is being violated, having privacy is one of our basic human rights. When we sign up on social media we knowingly give up that right as Kent Anderson, author of â€Å"People are Willing to Trade Less Privacy for Access to Social Media†, writes, â€Å" Social networks are based onRead MoreResearch Objectives And Questions On Language And Gender Essay1388 Words   |  6 Pagespolite to each other. Being polite does not merely involve the understanding of language, but factors like social and cultural values of the community are needed to take into account as well. As far as the topic is concerned, many agree that language and gender has always been an interesting issue discussed by many scholars (Hirschman, 2004). For effective communication to take place in every social context, there must be the use of language. Interaction requires the use of communication for it to beRead MoreBusiness Opening811 Words   |  4 Pagesthat bring businesses to their demise. Owners who are stubborn, greedy, and self-righteous often don’t do what’s best for the company but choose what they think is the best. Also, owners who cannot operate their business financially are another reason for failure. Making mistakes such as paying too much in expenses including labor, rent and materials also factor into business failure. Businesses that don’t succeed often have poor accounting meaning thereâ€℠¢s no organization of where the money comes andRead MoreDigital Citizenship Must Be Defined As The Norms Of Appropriate1168 Words   |  5 Pagesteach us the do’s and don’t when it comes to the Internet however, unfortunately it seems like this may be an on going issue for years to come. Digital communication is electronic transmission of information that has been encoded digitally, as for storage and processing by computers. Digital communication plays a big role is everyone’s lives. It has become part of our day to day activates and lives styles. This includes faxing, telecommunications, teleconferencing, video conferencing, social networkingRead MoreSocial Media1857 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction: I choose this topic is because more and more job seekers will go on social media to search for job. Even employers are putting recruitments advertisement on social media. Even like some of the jobs looking for admin staff, telemarketing staff and even sales staff the employer will just post on facebook and ask job seekers to contact them or send resume through their email address. Social media is a rising and evolving force within recruitment and resourcing. Firms are using the toolsRead MoreImpact Of Social Media On Society1785 Words   |  8 PagesImpact of Social Media Social media has naturally become a huge role in modern day society. It is a simple way to outreach, communicate, share, or express personal opinions. The way to express these different features is functional through big name sites such as, Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram. It is believed that nearly 2.5 billion people in the world will be using some form of social media in the year 2018, and 78% of the United States population has a social networking profile (StatisticsRead MoreDanone Case8689 Words   |  35 Pages9-608-107 REV : APRIL 1 6 , 2 0 0 8 ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ANE DAMGAARD JEN SEN Global Knowledge Management at Danone At Danone we don’t talk about strategy, we react to the context around us. For me, it’s like a Lego box that you buy for your children. They start to play, trying to find a way to build the image on the Lego box. At the end of the day, they give up, throw out the box, and put the piecesRead MoreSocial Orders And Its Effects On Society Essay2086 Words   |  9 Pagesimbalance is divisive, socially destructive and comprised of multiple dimension. However, societies acceptance of inequality has developed a false sense of reality regarding equality, what is amazing, now that we have the information to think about social orders, is the way clear the impacts of imbalance are. 21st Century variations of systemic inequality echo’s inequalities of the past. Fifty years after the march on Selma thousands of people from various races and ages are still actively participating

Individual Right vs Public Order Free Essays

Running head: INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS VS. PUBLIC ORDER Individual Rights vs. Public Order Ashley Perez Mountain State Univeristy Summer 1 2011 When our four fathers came together and created the Bill of Rights, they did not think it would last as long as it did. We will write a custom essay sample on Individual Right vs Public Order or any similar topic only for you Order Now They created something that determines everything in the world, when it comes to crimes and issues. They set up rights for the people to protect the people. The first ten amendments of the Bill of Rights are particularly important to criminal defendants facing formal processing by the criminal justice system (Schmalleger, F. 2008). We were giving rights, for us individuals. Individual rights are the rights guaranteed to all members of the American society by the U. S Constitution ((Schmalleger, F. , 2008). As the world advanced, so did the criminal justice system. This caused more of an emphasis on individual rights that was accompanied by the dramatic increase in reported criminal activity worldwide. Just in the sevenths and eighties, F. B. I. ‘s traditional crimes, murder, rape, and assault increased. With individual rights, came due process. Due process is procedural fairness. Fairness is the idea of doing what is best. It may not be perfect, but it is the good and decent thing to do. It requires being levelheaded, uniform and regular, when all around you is prejudice, corruption, or the desire of an angry mob to see justice done. Fairness requires breadth and depth ( Stevenes, M , 2003). Not only does the outcome have to be fair, but also so does everything along the line such as evidence gathering and presentation. Stevenes, M. , 2003). The due process standard was served in the sixties, by the warren courts. From the beginning, the individual-rights revolution had two critics. First, critics disputed the premise that the government cannot be expected to honor behavioral norms without being subject to an adversarial process (Super, D. , 2005). Second, critics asserted that enforcing norms through individual rights has heavy costs in the form of lost managerial efficiency of gov ernment programs (Super, D. 2005). In the Mathews v. EldridgeJ case, these critiques provided the basis of two of the three prongs of the central due process (Super, D. , 2005). Court’s decisions declining to imply private rights of action to enforce statutes and regulations (Super, D. , 2005). Because of this , a movement for over ten years had enforced the rights of several politically weak groups such as immigrants, prisoners, people of troubled families and people suspected to be connected to terrorism. Of the movement , responses have attacked the individual-rights revolution, braking it into two main forms. First, champions of individual rights have emphasized the importance of those rights, sometimes finding substantive value in the procedures of individual adjudication (Super, D. , 2005). Second, they have sought to rebut assertions that government agencies can be counted upon to conform to legal norms without giving individuals the ability to enforce those norms (Super, D. , 2005). Mathews v. Eldridge factors: the individual interest and the risk of erroneous deprivation. however, champions of individual rights have implicitly conceded their opponents’ contention that interposing individual rights has a cost in terms of the efficiency of the underlying government activity(Super, D. , 2005). After September eleventh, the world went on a permanent shut down. No one knew who did it and why. Shortly after the towers where down, we all knew something was to come of this, but we did not how much it would change our society today. We knew that the tower where knocked down by terrorist from the Middle East, but we did not know what they looked like. The world, as a whole, went crazy, and any one and everyone who was of Middle Eastern descent or even looked like they where from the middle east where thrown in jail. People began to judge people by what they looked like, and did not give any one a chance. Air ports where placed under high security, and for the first ever people where thrown out of line just because their shoes did not match. Everything was being over looked, and studied. We had U. S Marshals on just about every flight; we did not want something like nine eleven happen again. Just 45 days after the September 11 attacks, Congress passed the USA PATRIOT Act. There are significant flaws in the Patriot Act, flaws that threaten your fundamental freedoms by giving the government the power to access to your medical records, tax records, information about the books you buy or borrow without probable cause, and the power to break into your home and conduct secret searches without telling you for weeks, months, or indefinitely (ACLU,2007). The USA PATRIOT Act was intended to break down those barriers and respond to new communication technologies in a number of ways (Pike, G, 2006) . The act broadened the definition of terrorism, permitted extensive sharing of intelligence information, made it easier to get warrants to conduct intelligence investigations, increased the secrecy relating to search warrants, and expanded the scope of information that could be obtained (Pike, G, 2006) . Partially due to its haste in passing the act, Congress decreed that many-but not all-of the PATRIOT Act’s provisions would expire on Dec. 1, 2005(Pike, G, 2006) . A cursory review of the legal literature shows that the USA PATRIOT ACT was â€Å"rushed† passed Congress by the Bush administration without following the usual legislative procedure (Wong, K, 2006). Throughout the entire legislative process, neither the Congress nor the Administration has systematically investigated and critically debated the merit–necessity and efficacy, costs and benefits, and the impact and implications of the ACT on the Constitution, on the society, on the people (Wong, K, 2006). In reality the idea of introducing an act, at the time they did, was good, but the more we thought about it, we realized it goes against everything our four fathers worked hard to put together. We used to live in a world where we where the top dogs and everyone wanted to be like us. Now with all that has happened in the past few years, there is always that big brother over our shoulders, and he is not leaving any time soon. We live in a world where there are sick minded people, who kill people, and kid nap little kids. Where you are never alone and some one is always listening, even when you re the only one in the room. What ever happened to the fourth amendment right: The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things t o be seized. We are still entitled to this right , but how are if the at any moment in time the government can say hey lets see who so and so are talking to right now? It appears as if all the rights and laws created just go back and forth with each other. I thought we were an organized society. How can we say that we will follow the fourth amendment, when we have a completely new act that reverses everything that we are entitled to? We are living in a messed up time, nothing ever seems to make sense, and we are supposed to just know things. We are learning new things everyday, but they just keep changing. How are supposed to know our rights, if the people who makes are not even sure about them. We lock up the wrong people, and let the evil doers go. What happened, and how did it all go so wrong. Only if they could us now, this is probably why all other countries hate us with a passion. Lately everything is based on what you look like, and your political views. It has nothing to do with who you are. After the nine eleven attacks, the world began to look differently at all people, we saw sides of people we never saw before. We saw more American flags posted outside peoples homes, hung up in store window, then on the fourth of July. Everyone came together, and stood proud for the time in a long time. The world mental was ready for a fight, but not what we ended up with. Hundreds of lives lost, and many where innocent. When we went to fight, we hit hard, harder then anyone could think. It made us look like we where the bad back , yes we lost hundreds of people in the bombing of the world trade center , but are not supposed to show we are better then them? We lost the trust of the people who we were supposed to be trusting, and faith in the people we loved. We lost all we fought for, for years before this, and to throw it all away. The American world is so messed, that many of us do not even want to tell people they are American when they leave the country for a vacation. The American name has been bashed, and beaten all because of one event. One event changed our lives forever. It will never be the same, and if you where there, you can never forget the pandemonium that day. The radio stations, gone, no music, just recaps of what happened. No television, just images of how it happened. The news showed pictures of the men who did it and the other who are part of it. The mobs outside, swear they saw one of the people driving a cab, they where all going to look for him. The kids, so confused , yet understanding that this going in the history books for ever, and now reading about in that new edition book, saying I lived it. References ACLU. (2007, January 1). USA PATRIOT ACT. American Civil Liberties Union. Retrieved June 1, 2011, from Http://www. aclu. org/safefree/resources/17343res20031114. html Pike, G. (2006). : USA PATRIOT Act: What’s Next?. Information Today, 23(4), 1-2. Schmalleger, F. (2008). Criminal justice: a brief introduction (7th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, N. J. : Pearson/Prentice Hall. Stevenes, M. (2003, June 25). DUE PROCESS OF LAW: PROCEDURAL AND SUBSTANTIVE ISSUES. NCWC. Retrieved June 1, 2011, from faculty. ncwc. edu/mstevens/410/410lect06. htm Super, D. A. (2005). Are Rights Efficient? Challenging the Managerial Critique of Individual Rights‚A ®. Law Review, 93(4), 1051. Retrieved June 1, 2011, from http://proquest. umi. com/pqdweb? did=1222808651sid=8Fmt=2clientId=296 77RQT=309VName=PQD Wong, K. C. (2006). The making of the USA Patriot Act I: The legislative process and dynamics. International Journal of the Sociology of Law, 34(3), 179. Retrieved May 30, 2011, from http://proquest. umi. com/pqdweb? did=1199189181sid=6Fmt=2clientId=296 77RQT=309VName=PQD How to cite Individual Right vs Public Order, Papers

Garry Marshall - Auteur Theory free essay sample

An auteur is a filmmaker whose movies are characterized by their creative influence. Garry Marshall is an American filmmaker, he has directed more than 15 films in his career. Garry Marshall’s films The Princess Diaries, Valentines Day and Overboard share a common theme of love and a genre of romance and comedy, he likes to use the same actors in his films and have the common plot of a double twist. Garry Marshall likes to keep to the same character persona and film techniques but these generalized similarities are not obvious to the audience, therefore Garry Marshall is not a recognizable Auteur. Romance and comedy are commonly used in combination as a genre in films. Garry Marshall prefers the romantic-comedy genre to entertain audiences as well as educate them on reality. His main message behind these films is that life is not a fairytale and it doesn’t always turn out the way it is planned or expected to. We will write a custom essay sample on Garry Marshall Auteur Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example in Valentines Day Reed proposes to his girlfriend on the morning of Valentines Day, he is overjoyed when she says yes until he comes home later on in the movie to find that she is leaving him. Another example is in The Princess Diaries when Mia’s life is turned upside down after she finds out that she is a princess, she soon learns that being a princess isn’t as easy as she thought it would be. While all of these films share a similarity in their message and the genre, Garry Marshall’s work is not instantly recognizable due to the fact that there are so many other films, directed by different filmmakers that are similar in their message and the genre. Love is a theme that is a favorite of Garry Marshall, this is evident throughout many of his films. He likes to use this theme in combination with the genre romance-comedy to entertain the audience and convey his message in a lighthearted, humorous manor. His main point is that love, like life is unexpected and it doesn’t always turn out as it is imagined. An example of this message is in the film Valentines Day when Reed and his best friend fall in love after their unpleasant breakups. Also in Overboard when Johanna, an exceedingly rich woman falls in love with Dean, a needy  carpenter. Likewise in The Princess Diaries Mia eventually realizes that even though Josh is the most popular boy in school, he isn’t really as extraordinary as he seemed. Although these films are all delivering a similar message, it is too small a similarity to make Garry Marshall an Auteur. Garry Marshall doesn’t like to have anything too complicated about a characters personality in his films. He likes to have a range of different personas in his movies. For example in The Princess Diaries the limousine driver Joseph has a very serious manner, he is always seen wearing black sunglasses and this gives him a mysterious and unknown outlook. Throughout the movie Joseph is always there for Mia. Like Joseph, in Overboard Johanna’s butler Andrew is a character that you don’t see much of, he is always very refined and proper. He is mostly seen waiting on Johanna. Both characters are not seen in the film much but very important to the film. In Overboard Johanna is presented as a very conceited woman, she is never happy with what she gets and is always seen ordering someone around, this makes her a very unlikable character. Like Johanna, the character in The Princess Diaries Lily has a bad attitude and likes things to be her way, she is very loud and has a dominating nature, this makes her unlikable by the audience. In both films the characters become more bearable when they become less self centered and focus on the well being of those around them. In Valentines Day Julia is portrayed as an innocent character, in this film she is very kind and loving, making her a likable character. Like Julia, in The Princess Diaries Mia is a very quiet, shy person, she is also portrayed as the innocent character that is liked by the audience. These two characters both have a point in the film where they get anxious and start to doubt themselves but in the end they overcome that doubt and make a decision that will change their lives. It is very important when choosing the actors for a film that the right ones are chosen and they fit the part. Garry Marshall prefers to use certain actors in his films. For example, New Years Eve, Valentines Day and The Princess Diaries all have similar actors, one that is common to all of them is Hector Elizondo, in all of these films he plays a character that doesn’t have much revealed about himself. Other actors that are common to these films are, Ashton Kutcher (Valentines Day and New Years  Eve), Jessica Biel (Valentines Day and New years Eve) and Anne Hathaway (Valentines Day and The Princess Diaries). Although these films all have common actors and similar characters but it is not evident to the audience, for that reason, Garry Marshall is not an Auteur. It is noticeable in these films that Garry Marshall has kept a similar plot. He likes to have a double twist and several complications throughout the film to keep the audiences interest. For example in The princess Diaries Mia has to overcome many problems along the way of becoming a princess, like her fear of public speaking, juggling school with princess lessons, keeping her identity a secret and then dealing with the madness when her school finds out about her heritage and finally making the decision whether to accept the responsibility of becoming a princess or to live a normal life. In Overboard Johanna has to make the giant leap from being a conceited rich woman to living in a second-rate home and becoming a mother. She has to overcome the expectations of her rich husband and her mother and come to terms with her new feelings for Dean. These similarities are very generalized and they are not evident to the audience, therefor it does not make Garry Marshall an auteur. It is evident when analyzing Garry Marshall films that he likes to use the same techniques during a scene including music, camera shots and scene transitions. Garry Marshall commonly uses Romantic, affectionate music that reflects the theme and genre and also indicates the mood to the audience, giving them a sense of what type of movie it will be. For example, in Valentines Day the song in the opening scene is titled ‘Hey I love you† by Michael Frantti, this creates a romantic, happy mood for the audience and reveals to them that it will be a film about love. In The Princess Diaries they have a very soft, flowy song that plays throughout the film, it gives the audience a calming feel and sense that everything is going to be okay. Even though both of these films have a similarity in music, it is still a small similarity and isn’t enough to make Garry Marshall a recognized Auteur. There are many small similarities between these Garry Marshall films but for an audience these similarities are too small and unrecognizable. An auteur  is a filmmaker whose movies are characterized by their own creative influence. Garry Marshall’s films are too mainstream in their creativeness for the genre, theme, plot and film techniques to make him an accepted auteur in society.

Stephen King Unwitting Screenwriter Essays - Fiction, Filmmaking

Stephen King: Unwitting Screenwriter Place Title Here Movies are becoming more and more popular with new special effects and stories that are intriguing and gripping. Movies now have lasting effects on viewers, since the stories are becoming more involved and more in depth. Screenwriters are constantly trying to create better screenplays to have made into motion pictures, yet there are thousands, if not millions, of screenwriters out there trying to earn a wage. The Writers Guild of America reports that in one year an average of 40,000 screenplays will be submitted and out of those only 120 will be made into motion pictures. (Field 5) Stephen King, who has no affiliation to being a screenwriter, has written numerous novels that almost everyone knows without them having ever read one word. Stephen King has a way of writing that appeals to both readers and film lovers. King who is an author of books has beaten out millions of screenwriters in the movie business. What is funny is that King himself does not expect a movie adaptation when he writes his stories. Stephen Kings writing style is the main reason why Kings novels are almost always found on the big screen. King purposely uses images in his novels that tell stories themselves. These images help enhance the story as the reader reads Kings work. These images are ones made by the reader and are limited to just the images we see on screen. Of course some of the better King movies do have wonderful imagery that can be associated with the same image the reader would have made in his mind. One popular movie that was based on Kings work is Stand by Me, which has terrific examples of this imagery. Stand by Me is based on Kings novella The Body which can be found in Different Seasons. The Body is a coming of age story about a boy named Gordie Lachance. Gordie is faced with the death of his brother, but is confused about his feelings. He knows he should be mourning for him, but he does not seem to have any remorseful feelings towards his brother. The story is about Gordie and 3 of his close friends on a journey through the woods to find a dead body. Throughout their journey they face all types of obstacles and go through a series of ups and downs. In the end they find the body and face a climatic altercation with the neighborhood gang. The four boys end up scaring the gang away and go home without ever telling anyone about their journey. The theme to the story is about losing ones innocence, the transformation from being a child into being an adult. The film portrayed the theme very well and viewers did not lose much if they have never read the actually novella. When a book transfers over to a film much of the content is usually lost. It is a very tough feat to keep everything that was in the book in tact and still portray the same effect. When a reader reads a novel, they take their time and they get involved with the characters and learn about them. When a viewer watches a movie, the director needs to pump out as much information as he can in two hours and still stay within the parameters of the book. What happens most of the time due to budget or time constraint is not everything from the book is transferred over to the film, which causes gaps in the story. Also, directors need to find actors that can portray the feelings of the character and at the same time complete the look of the character. Sometimes one thing is sacrificed for another and the character is not as magnificent on screen as they were in the book. The fact that the book loses a lot of content prevents many directors from trying to adapt books into film, but there are dire ctors that try. When writing a story and writing a screenplay the two are very much alike but at the same time very different. A screenplay is basically a movie on paper. Everything that happens on the screen would be put into words, from camera

First Oil Well Inventor Edwin Drake

First Oil Well Inventor Edwin Drake The history of the oil business as we know it began in 1859 in Pennsylvania, thanks to Edwin L. Drake, a career railroad conductor who devised a way to drill a practical oil well. Before Drake sank his first well in Titusville, Pennsylvania, people around the world had gathered oil for centuries around seeps, places where oil naturally rose to the surface and emerged from the ground. The problem with collecting oil in that manner was that even the most productive areas didnt yield large amounts of oil. In the 1850s, new types of machinery being produced increasingly needed oil for lubrication. And the main sources for oil at the time, whaling and collecting oil from seeps, simply couldnt meet the demand. Someone had to find a way to reach into the ground and extract the oil. The success of Drakes well essentially created a new industry, and led to men such as John D. Rockefeller making vast fortunes in the oil business. Drake and the Oil Business Edwin Drake had been born in 1819 in New York State, and as a young man had worked at various jobs before finding employment in 1850 as a railroad conductor. After about seven years of working on the railroad he retired due to ill health. A chance encounter with two men who happened to be the founders of a new company, The Seneca Oil Company, led to a new career for Drake. The executives, George H. Bissell and Jonathan G. Eveleth, needed someone to travel back and forth inspecting their operations in rural Pennsylvania, where they collected oil from seeps. And Drake, who was looking for work, seemed like the ideal candidate. Thanks for his former job as a railroad conductor, Drake could ride the trains for free. Drakes Folly Once Drake began working in the oil business he became motivated to increase production at the oil seeps. At that time, the procedure was to soak up the oil with blankets. And that only worked for small-scale production. The obvious solution seemed to be to somehow dig into the ground to get to the oil. So at first Drake set about digging a mine. But that effort ended in failure as the mine shaft flooded. Drake reasoned that he could drill for oil, using a technique similar to that used by men who had drilled into the ground for salt. He experimented and discovered iron drive pipes could be forced through the shale and down to regions likely to be holding oil. The oil well Drake constructed was called Drakes Folly by some of the locals, who doubted it could ever be successful. But Drake persisted, with the help of a local blacksmith he had hired, William Uncle Billy Smith. With very slow progress, about three feet a day, the well kept going deeper. On August 27, 1859, it reached a depth of 69 feet. The next morning, when Uncle Billy arrived to resume work, he discovered that oil had risen through the well. Drakes idea had worked, and soon the Drake Well was producing a steady supply of oil. The First Oil Well Was an Instant Success Drakes well brought oil up out of the ground and it was funneled into whiskey barrels. Before long Drake had a steady supply of about 400 gallons of pure oil every 24 hours, a stunning amount when compared to the meager output that could be collected from oil seeps. Other wells were constructed. And, because Drake never patented his idea, anyone could use his methods. The original well shut down within two years as other wells in the area soon began producing oil at a faster rate. Within two years there was an oil boom in western Pennsylvania, with wells that produced thousands of barrels of oil a day. The price of oil dropped so low that Drake and his employers were essentially put out of business. But Drakes efforts showed that drilling for oil could be practical. Though Edwin Drake had pioneered oil drilling, he only drilled two more wells before leaving the oil business and living out most of the rest of his life in poverty. In recognition of Drakes efforts, the Pennsylvania legislature voted to award Drake a pension in 1870, and he lived in Pennsylvania until his death in 1880.

UK IT Related Laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

UK IT Related Laws - Essay Example Illegally obtained data, records or information about an individual are often used in crimes that involve identity theft. Other usage of data about a person includes blackmail, kidnapping and other crimes. Data Protection Act of 1998 The Data Protection Act of 1998 was in response to the European Directive of 1995 that required member states to protect the right to privacy of every citizen in the European Union. Recognizing the borderless nature of internet transactions, the need for this law to be passed in every state is of outmost importance to ensure that no European will be victimized within the European Union by fellow Europeans engaged in criminal activities. The Data Protection Act was very explicit in limiting the information to be gathered by organizations from an individual to ensure that only what is needed by the organization can be gathered. The Data Protection Act also mandates that the information gathered from an individual or generated for an individual by an establ ishment should not be kept longer than necessary. The provision cited herein has the intention of ensuring that no data or information can be obtained that can be used in stealing and replicating an identity. However, there are instances where problems still occur. In September 2010, Brighton General Hospital was robbed of Hard Drives that contained confidential information of patients of the said hospital. Although, the Chief Executive of Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trusts stated that the Hard Drives have been released to a contractor who was paid to destroy the Hard Drives, unfortunately the contractor sold them on E-Bay. As soon as they have been informed of the theft, they were able to catch and recover the hard drives with the help of the local police. The Information Commissioner’s Office stated that the watchdog suggested that the fine of the hospital be 375,000 pounds. The 375,000 pound fine is the biggest fine that the Information Commissionerâ€℠¢s Office has issued. (OUT-LAW.com, 2012) Kent County Council has been named as the number one organization that loses private data of their clients in the United Kingdom. There had been 72 reports of theft between the years 2008 and 2011. One incident was mentioned in the article where a worker lost a USB drive that contained information regarding students somewhere. Most of the Kent County Council’s loss of data incidents includes the loss of laptops, documents that were misplaced or accidentally left outside a car. Another incident mentioned were parents receiving a report of a different child. Although the Kent County Council was not held liable for some incidents which is illustrated in an incident where one family posted case notes pictures on Facebook, making it accessible to anyone. However, it is no big surprise that they came out as Number One with respect to data loss since they are a big authority in the United Kingdom. (BBC, 2011) Zurich Insurance was issued a fi ne of 2,300,000 million pounds by the Financial Service Authority for the data loss incident in August 2008 involving 46,000 of its customers. The data loss occurred when they were transferring data to storage

Will be provide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Will be provide - Essay Example creased from 3 to 3% and following system stabilization the flow set point percentage was found to remain constant but the position of the flow valve had closed slightly from 30.1 to 47.5%. Additionally, the level valve had closed from 32.7 to 25.6%. The results were recorded. The level of the tank and the capacity section was ascertained with the help of a meter stick attached to the tank and the reading was compared to that of a controller. The compared levels ((%) vs. level) was plotted in meters and from the figure the line of best fit as determined by the transmitter gain was found to be1.206 %/cm. The next part of the experiment involved comparison of readings taken from four different flow measuring devices to a standard change in volume over time. While the flow rates of the rotameter and transmitter were read in USGPM, those of the controller and console were taken as percent rates. With gradual increase in the height over time the changes noted in the height was used for volume calculation. Appendix 2 includes the flow rates and after conversion of the actual flow rates to USGPM, a comparison between all the actual, rotameter and transmitter flow rates indicated a mutual agreement in the rates. The flow rates of the console and controller were closer as they used the same controller. The characteristics of the valve were determined for the flow and level value by increasing the flow percentage and taking the valve position values from the display controller. A plot of the Fractional Flow (Flow %/Max Flow %) vs. fractional valve opening which is indicative of the flow and level valve can be used to determine valve characteristics such as to quick-opening, linear, or equal-percentage relationships. In this case, a plot of both valves showed an almost linear valve character except for a slight distortion in the quick opening which can be attributed to drop in pressure across the value. While the valves had identical and linear characters originally,

Organization Psychology and Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organization Psychology and Behavior - Essay Example organizations assign responsibility to its people, develops hierarchy, discusses rules and regulations and how these elements collaborate together in affecting the overall life of the organization. This frame revolves around how an organization keenly steps forward to develop, train, manage, motivate and reward its employees. For majority of the organizations, their employees are their key assets. This frame also deals with issues that can give rise to employee satisfaction, retention, training and development. The frame revolves around the political aspects within an organization. It defines that how one can gain power; lose the authority, competition for scarce resources and the ability and the need to establish coalitions with other people. It also discusses that how people make new relations and cultivates friendship with other people within an organization on the basis of loyalty and negotiation skills. This frame discusses that how an organizational culture, the symbolic behaviors of the employees, rituals, organizational development, creativity, communication and organization represents itself through it’s vision, mission, values and goals. The ‘Safety Memo’ issue can be resolved if all and everyone in the organization have focused more on its hierarchical level. The Structure of the company was itself a problem; giving rise to many problems such as the loss control process by different individuals. The gap between different levels of managements has given rise to communication gap and therefore, it is one of the reasons that the company should focus on enhancing its hierarchical structure in more organized manner. It is important for the employees to resolve their issues verbally with each other rather accusing one another for the mistakes. It is also very important for the organization to build trust between employees in a working sphere. Every team or employee should have a strong reporting end that can defend his team or employees in front of

Developing The Anti Tobacco Smoking Campaigns English Language Essay

Developing The Anti Tobacco Smoking Campaigns English Language Essay Indian women are among the worst in the world when it comes to smoking. According to the latest Tobacco Atlas, the country ranks third in the top 20 female smoking populations across the globe.   Only the US with 2.3 crore female smokers and China with 1.3 crore women smokers are worse off than India. Tobacco usage in India claims more than 800000 lives annually. Globally the number of smokers is expected to rise to 1.7 billion by 2020. Ninety percent of the smokers in the country start smoking before they are 24 years old. Half the male tuberculosis deaths in India are caused by smoking. If smoking is unchecked, by 2020, millions of people in India will become regular smokers. Most of them experience their first puff before attaining the age 18. What is most disturbing is the steady rise in the numbers of teenagers, some of them as young as 14 or 15 years. Out of the 1000 teenagers who smoke, at least 500 have been found to die of tobacco-related diseases. In USA, the drop in smoking has been attributed to a number of reasons a growing awareness about the health-damaging effects of smoking, rising cigarette prices, rising cigarette taxes, aggressive anti-smoking campaigns and a decline in the social acceptability of smoking. Disastrous Effects of Smoking Smoking predisposes to oral, lung, and other cancers. Smokers are more likely to suffer from high blood pressure and to experience a heart-attack or stroke. Smokers are also at increased risk of disturbances ranging from dental caries to osteoporosis. Women smokers are more likely to have abortions. Their children are more likely to have behavioral disorders. Non-smokers, who regularly inhale cigarette smoke, also suffer higher medical risk. A study of half a million Americans who were followed-up for an average of nine years, showed that the risk of death was doubled in smokers. *As many as 2200 Indians stop smoking every day by dying. Tobacco is the second major cause of death in the world. Forty percent of the cancer detected in India, is because of tobacco use. With every cigarette, you ingest a staggering 4700 chemicals, 42 carcinogens or cancer-causing substance. One cigarette and one beedi reduce seven minutes of your life. Approximately Rs.27000 crores in terms of healthcare costs and lost productively. One packet of Pan Parrag or Hans reduces four minutes of your life. It causes sexual impotency in men, miscarriage and infertility in women, wrinkled skin, stained teeth, bad odour, mouth ulceration and difficulty in swallowing. Every organ in the body is affected from head to toe, especially the brain, lungs and heart attacks, chronic cough and lung disease, worsened condition of diabetes, blood pressure and lower stamina. Babies born to mothers who smoke can be sicker, die suddenly, or have more infections of the middle ear, coughing and wheezing. Tobacco-related causes lead, every year in India, to 20000 amputations besides frightening diseases like lung/oral cancer, stroke and heart problems and over eight lakh deaths compared to 60000 from road accidents. Cause problems to family, friends and co-workers from the smoke from the cigarette exposing them to the same dangers. This is called second hand smoking. Therefore, it is quite evident that smoking is a serious problem India is facing today esp. the youth of India. Target Segment As mentioned earlier, females generally start smoking in their late teens. So, my campaign would be targeting the girls who are in the age group of 16-24 years. Attitude towards Smoking Young women who smoke experience very few noticeable side effects (well nothing serious enough to motivate quitting en masse), not only do they lack the motivation to quit; they are also extraordinarily adept at creating loopholes to escape antismoking messages directed at them. An analysis of various research showed that the three main loopholes were: Smoking is just one of the many risks in life Young smokers make a distinction between immediate, personal reasons for giving up and more remote, official reasons such as long term health risks (e.g. lung cancer) which seem less relevant. The risks of smoking are too far in the future to worry about now Young smokers have no meaningful sense of their own mortality and live very much in the here and now. Antismoking messages are redundant everybody knows smoking is   bad for you To be effective, the antismoking message must feel like new news. Planning the Anti-Smoking Campaigns The planner had to infiltrate the world of the young female smoker to find a new angle, but how?   We needed to work from the inside out, our starting point being our target, from its own point of view.   We would find our targets weak spot and then find a weapon to match a relevant short term negative effect of smoking that would hit them where it would have the most effect.   Teenwatching For several months, the planner would watch the targets programmes and movies, read their magazines, frequented their hang out spots and shopped where they shopped.   Part of this planners method research included teenwatching (i.e. observing and interacting with our target in its own environment, as one of them) in various McDonalds on Saturday afternoons. Interviews with editors of leading young womens magazines An important and intimate relationship exists between young womens magazines and their readers.   These magazines act almost as best friend and offer discussion and advice on everything from what to wear and how to pull to body image and emotional problems.   For the lowdown on how to get even closer to our target, the planner would grill the editors of magazines with large (female) youth profiles. Strategy positioning research We need to find a credible, relevant and persuasive message that communicated a short term negative effect of smoking. The key insight of our targets weak spot As a result of the above, three key points became clear:   There is no scope for even a hint of a prescriptive just say no antismoking message. This group, young women, will only respond to messages that offer (or seem to offer) them an informed choice.   This is part of their assertion of independence and their rejection of anything that comes from people who patronise them and couldnt possibly understand what it means to be them. Appearance (and from this, positive self-esteem, boys, sex and peer   group acceptance) is the key preoccupation Young women are extremely concerned about their appearance (real and perceived).   When it comes to their appearance (skincare, make up, clothes, hair etc ) this group seem to be trains potters of the first order.   They are information hungry and, when reading their magazines, they are willing to plough through acres of pictures, diagrams and juicy detail to discover whats new and true in the world of skincare, hair care and overall image creation.   Credible information learned here passes into the grapevine and can very quickly become received wisdom within the peer group. Young womens positive associations with smoking (aside from peer group acceptance) are mainly to do with appearance: When you smoke you look sophisticated, quietly confident, a bit sexy, alluring and more like an adult The spectre of post quitting weight gain was, for many young women, seen as more relevant and immediate than cancer. Cancer may happen in the future, you cant see it but the weight you can see it now and you have to live with it We would have to talk to these girls about something that was genuinely important to them now (not just what we think should be important to them)their looks.   An approach that exploits our targets insecurities about their appearance, using the scientific language of cosmetics, could work Young female smokers believe that the short term negative effects on appearance caused by smoking is just not credible because, unsurprisingly, they could not see any adverse effects taking place now. I propose a hypothesis that a credible but scary fact (smoking makes your skin thinner true but probably unusable because everyone in this rather small medical study was over 50 years old) would capture our targets imagination and create a cause for concern where there previously was none (cf. messages from cosmetics manufacturers re: large pores, toxins in the skin, blackheads and sun cream).   Sure enough, many of the girls would take the skin thinness story.   I believe girls would internalise the story and gave it their own meanings that were relevant to them now and that tapped into their own individual anxieties about the appearance of their skin. There was a great deal of familiarity with a wide range of scientific skincare terms (e.g. antioxidants, aminoacids, toxins etc) which was not particularly surprising given this groups obsession and information hunger with regards to appearance, in general, and skincare specifically.   This is the language of cosmetics that cosmetics manufacturers use to sell these girls more and more skin, hair and body products.   Each new product requires its own story filled with scientific language to lend it credibility.   The Story Every cigarette contains 4000 toxins, many of which the blood stream carries straight into the structure of the skin.   The toxins in cigarette smoke cause the blood vessels in the top layers of the skin to constrict thus reducing the blood supply there.  Ã‚   It is the reduced blood supply which causes a reduction in the availability of oxygen (which is necessary for all living cells) and the removal of waste products, dead skin fragments, etc which provides the necessary environment for skin regeneration. This would be scary stuff to the average young woman who spends much of her time and money on a skincare regime worthy of Cleopatra herself (face packs, cleansing, exfoliating, toning and moisturising). The creative brief My proposition for the campaign is: Every cigarette you smoke is having a detrimental effect on your looks now. Smoking makes younger you look older The picture above clearly captures the side effects of smoking on the beauty of a girl. Creative Development research Three key points relevant to the campaign are: In order to attract the attention of our rather discriminating target, the visuals used had to be of intrinsic interest to them.   It is not enough to use long scientific copy to imitate the language of cosmetics.   In order to be relevant the copy should be succinct and, to create the same excitement that good cosmetics ads do, it must adopt the aspirational Clinique approach of top skincare scientists at the cutting edge rather than that of an ordinary G.P., a grey, health expert. A tone that is too jokey, cleverclever, discursive or ironic would undermine the credibility of the message. Refining the creative work We stuck with the idea and the creative team used the learnings from research to present our story in a way that was a shorthand, communicating effectively in a language (the language of cosmetics) that our target understood immediately and was already highly responsive to:   Four single page print ads in the style of a high quality cosmetics ad campaign but with cigarettes and cigarette ash sullying typical skincare / cosmetic products (facepack, skin cream, translucent powder and a make up brush).1 The final media strategy We worked extremely closely with our media team and when we saw the finished ads glossy, beautiful, instant fix we decided that not only were we going to use magazines, for the reasons outlined above, but we were also going to use posters in the London Underground because: Although the Underground is not a beauty environment per se, many cosmetics brands advertise there and so there was a natural fit with our faux cosmetics campaign. You cant smoke on the tube and so cigarettes are often top of mind for many smokers when they travel on the Underground. A grim reality strategy of getting to our target when they are feeling lousy e.g. early in the morning. Have we hit the mark? Qualitative research commissioned by the HEA showed that by using the language of cosmetics, and also the glamour and simple gloss of the best cosmetics advertisements, the message was found to be believable and extremely relevant.   These ads were found to be an appropriate counter to the sophisticated image the tobacco industry and the movie / fashion world currently give cigarettes. Quantitative ad tracking showed a 20% increase in the number of 16 24 year olds who claim to have seen advertising with an antismoking message (excluding nicotine replacement treatments).   84% of the smokers that had seen the ads felt that they were aimed specifically at them and almost two thirds said that the ads had encouraged them to think about giving up.   With these ads, we have achieved our goal of inspiring, in our target, the beginnings of meaningful motivation to quit through engendering a sense of identification, instilling a sense of urgency and blocking off escape routes. Journalists too have followed our lead and magazines and newspapers now run stories about smoking affecting young girls looks (4000 toxins etc) as if it were received wisdom.2 The planner used her wits (and a bit of method in her madness) to find a way (literally) under the otherwise impenetrable skins of young women who smoke. Conclusion Planning contributed to highly successful creative work by: Redefining the role for advertising Using method planning, as a complement to conventional research, to find a critical new consumer insight which changed the way we positioned our antismoking message Providing crucial ammunition for creatives by discovering certain key facts to create a new, relevant story about the effects of smoking Using research to refine the creative work and to encourage intelligent media implementation

Tariff the Shield and FTA the Spear :: Essays Papers

Tariff the Shield and FTA the Spear There was time when countries fought one another to take other’s territory because land meant power and royalty at that period. All of the great conquerors dreamed of ruling whole world under their feet. As time passed the meaning of land became just a boundary that identify each country. Then what takes the position of land? What means power and royalty in modern world? With globalization countries fight one another again with their economic power to have more money. That is right. Now we are living in the world that money is a symbol of power. Threaten countries by attack of all different kinds of economy had to make certain level of tool to protect themselves. And tariff is one of the most powerful economic shields. The purpose of tariff is largely categorized by two big concepts. First and original concept is to defend domestic industries from foreign capital that would have comparative or absolute advantage to domestic products. Second one is to have extra profit from imported goods. Usually the profit is from taxation due to tariff. Sometimes international conflict occurs between countries when the competition is over-steamed. First of all, we need to look how tariff works in theory. There are three basic functions on the graph before imposing tariff. Supply curve has positive slope and going toward upper right and demand curve having negative slope is pointing down right. These two are most basic functions of economics. There is one more line that is parallel to X-axis. This implies world price and where the intersections meet with this line creates market supply S0 and market demand D0. Now let’s impose tariff to protect our industry. Tax due to imposing tariff will push world price line upward. Producers are willing to produce more goods because the price is increased and market supply moves from S0 to S1. Similarly, domestic consumption decreases from D0 to D1 since consumers are willing to buy less due to increased price after world price with tariff. As you see there are four empty areas between original world price line and world price with tariff divided by supply and demand functions. These four have their own meanings and they made net loss or national loss. Area a is a increased producer’s surplus. Area c implies government tariff revenue, and at last, those two small triangles are dead weight losses which are just nothing but wasting.

Climate Changes Impact On Coral Reefs Environmental Sciences Essay

This undertaking is given by our instructor and we were supposed to compose about the clime alterations. I decided to compose about the subject â€Å" coral reef † . I want to cognize more about coral reefs, non merely the general facts about how they look like or what sort of coloring material they have, but more about the interesting facts. Why are they of import today, how we as human ruin them and what we can to halt this procedure? As it says on International Coral Reef Initiative â€Å" For the first clip since 1998, mass coral bleaching is impacting coral reefs across a broad country of Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean. Bleaching has been reported in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, Maldives, and parts of E Africa. I know it exists menaces against coral reefs, and I want to larn more about them and what are the effects of e.g. coral bleaching. In the quotation mark above it says that coral bleaching is increasing. Why? What are coral reefs?Coral reefs, indicated by ruddy points, are found preponderantly in tropical Waterss 30 grades north and South of the equatorCoral reefs are among the oldest ecosystems in the universe. They are located 30 grades north or South of the equator, chiefly in the Indonesia and Pacific Ocean. In the Bahamas at 32 grades at that place exists an exclusion. The coral reefs can populate at that place because of the warm H2O from the Gulf of Mexico. Today the coral reefs are the largest life construction on Earth and the Great Barrier Reef is the largest individual construction in the universe Coral are single animate beings and a individual coral is called polyp. Largely the polyp live in groups of 100s to 1000s indistinguishable animate beings, and organize a â€Å" settlement † . The procedure which formed the settlement is called budding and literally the original polyp transcripts itself and the settlement grows. There exist two ways for the coral to turn either add to their limestone or reproducing. When a coral attention deficit disorder to their limestone is means that they secrete more calcium carbonate around and under their cup. The coral will so turn both upwards and outwards. The 2nd method is by reproducing either asexually or sexually. In the nonsexual manner the coral produced indistinguishable ringers or in a sexual manner by directing out sperm or eggs. Corals are divided into three different types depending on where signifier. The first one and most common is fringing reefs. They are close to the seashore and they form a boundary line to project themselves. Barrier reefs are another type and are similar to fringing reef. These besides environment land multitudes, but form a boundary line at a distance. The 3rd group of reef are called atolls and are either egg-shaped or round. They are lying off the seashore. ( See beginning 4 + 6 )Why are corals of import?Today coral reefs are of import and necessary in the universe. Great Barrier Reef, which is the universe largest reef, stretches along the nor'-east cost of Australia. The reef consist of over 3A 000 single reef and has a length of 30A 000 kilometers. It is really possible to see it from the outer infinite. A satellite exposure of the Great Barrier Reef The reef includes 400 coral species, 2A 000 fish species and six of seven species of sea polo-necks. There are many different types of coral which have assorted colorss. ( See beginning 3 )Why are the corals deceasing?There are many menaces to coral reefs. Some menaces are natural happening such as marauders and hurricanes. These are made of course, but because of planetary warming the menaces harmonizing to the coral reefs addition. Others menaces are made by human among them overfishing and pollutions. Consequence of coral bleaching Marauders and hurricanes are natural happening and it is difficult to make something about these happening because they happen of course, still increasing of rainfall over a long period lessening coral growing. The coral reefs need sunlight, clear H2O, seawater with a specific salt and warm H2O ( 23 – 29 grades Celsius ) to populate. However, addition in the temperature degree and altered salt affects the coral reefs severely. Merely one grade rise in temperature influences the coral. The harm is called coral bleaching and involves that the coral expels the algae which gives the coral its coloring material. Alternatively of being colorful the coral takes on a blunt white visual aspect. The algae do n't return if the emphasis is prolonged and as a consequence the coral dies. â€Å" The bleaching is really strong throughout Southeast Asia and the cardinal Indian Ocean. The studies are that it is the worst since 1997/1998. This is a truly immense event and we are traveling to se e a batch of corals deceasing † says Dr Mark Eakin Overfishing is a menace made by human. Today many people are dependent on fish as an income and nutrient, still overfishing is a job. It affects the coral by â€Å" taking cardinal species from the marine nutrient concatenation † . Furthermore the methods used to catch fish can besides be harmful to the coral. For case 15 states use nitrile fishing which involves dumping toxicant onto reefs to stupefy fish for easier assemblage. The toxicant does n't merely impact the fish, but besides the reefs. Another sensational method is called blast fishing, utilizing explosives to stupefy fish, and the method is used by more than 40 states. As a consequence of the detonation the coral are ripped apart and destroyed. On the other manus, addition of the H2O degree increases the thriving for harmful algae and other rivals. More rivals and harmful algae mean less infinite for the coral to growing. Likewise out of use sunlight lessening the growing for a coral and the coral can decease. ( Se e beginning 5 )Decisionâ€Å" Seventy per centum of coral reefs may be gone in less than 40 old ages if the present rate of devastation continues † . This destructing procedure has to be stopped, and it needs to be shortly. Coral reefs are place to over 1 million different species and protect the coastal metropoliss. In add-on to this, coral reefs create 1000000s of occupation and unafraid income for many people in more than 100 states in the universe. However coral reefs are a nutrient beginning for the people who live near the reefs, particularly the people on little islands. Another interesting fact is that without the being of coral reefs, parts of Florida would be under H2O. ( See beginning 7 )Beginningshypertext transfer protocol: //www.howstuffworks.com/framed.htm? parent=coral ( 06.12.2010 ) reef.htmHYPERLINK â€Å" hypertext transfer protocol: //www.howstuffworks.com/framed.htm? parent=coral ( 06.12.2010 ) reef.htm & A ; url=http: //www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/greatbarrierreef/ † & amp ; HYPERLINK â€Å" hypertext transfer protocol: //www.howstuffworks.com/framed.htm? parent=coral ( 06.12.2010 ) reef.htm & A ; url=http: //www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/greatbarrierreef/ † url=http: //www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/greatbarrierreef/ ( 06.12.2010 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.howstuffworks.com/framed.htm? parent=coral-reef.htmHYPERLINK â€Å" hypertext transfer protocol: //www.howstuffworks.com/framed.htm? parent=coral-reef.htm & A ; url=http: //www.nature.org/joinanddonate/rescuereef/explore/facts.html † & amp ; HYPERLINK â€Å" hypertext transfer protocol: //www.howstuffworks.com/framed.htm? parent=coral-reef.htm & A ; url=http: //www.nature.org/joinanddonate/rescuereef/explore/facts.html † url=http: //www.nature.org/joinanddonate/rescuereef/explore/facts.html ( 06.12.2010 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //animals.howstuffworks.com/marine-life/coral-reef1.htm ( 06.12.2010 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //animals.howstuffworks.com/marine-life/coral-reef2.htm ( 06.12.2010 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.icriforum.org/about-coral-reefs/what-are-corals ( 06.12.10 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.icriforum.org/about-coral-reefs/benefits-coral-reefs ( 06.12.2010 )

Relationship Management Essays

Relationship Management Essays Relationship Management Essay Relationship Management Essay 1.0 IntroductionCustomer Relationship Management is a management process, which enables organisations to identify, attract and increase the retention of customers by managing customer relationships.This report will be investigating in to the application of the frequent flyer programme, a CRM based database and the related strategies in the Airline sector.Free flight programmes give airlines customer loyalty by knowing who their customers are, through the use of database marketing. It is a key part of CRM strategy ensuring near-term survival and medium and long term revival for airlines.(Siebel 2005a)The report will concentrate on, BA airlines, Virgin Atlantic and the growing BMI company, UKs three key players in the fragmented airline industry. This is due to the variety of market segments their serve to, competing against increased competition, decreased product differentiation, demand and loyalty, with increased price pressures.(Siebel 2005a)2.0 Market OverviewAir travel represents a minor mode of transport for UK travel and tourism industry. (Euromonitor, Sept 2005a)Air transport sales amounted to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½9 billion in 2004 (Euromonitor, May 2005a)According to Euromonitor (May 2005b) it is the preferred mode of arrival in the UK accounting for 73% in 2004. It held the largest share of departures at 76% in 2004, with a significant rise of 26% over four years. (Euromonitor, May 2005c)British Airways (BA) is the dominant UK airline; its share by turnover was 52% in 2004 against 54% in 2003. This decline in shares is to the low-cost carriers, who are continuing to grow their share, such as EasyJet and Ryanair. Both airlines hold 16% of the market share between them. (Euromonitor, May 2005d)The second largest operator in the UK is Virgin Atlantic which has increased the value of shares from 10% in 2001 to around 17% by 2004, due to continued investment in new airlines and products. (Euromonitor, May 2005d)British Midland, BMI, holds 5% of the UK airline value and operates over 2,000 flights per week mainly in Europe in addition to their budget flights with the bmibaby brand.(Euromonitor, May 2005d)Sales forecast have shown that the Transport industry will grow by 14% in constant value terms by 2009. Air will remain the preferred inbound mode of transport and account for an estimated 79% of total sales value in 2009.It is believed that Air Travel will particularly benefit from the growth of internet sales, which will grow by 105% during the forecast period, which is 38% of overall transportation sales in 2009.(Euromonitor, May 2005e)3.0 Analysis and DiscussionThe Frequent Flyer Programme (FFP) is a common CRM strategy used in the airline industry, with BA, Virgin Atlantic and BMI owning a database reflecting the same principles of the FFP.The aim of the FFP is to:1 Increase Operational Efficiency2 Identify and Acquire Profitable Customers3 Maximise Customer Loyalty4 Optimise Sales Performance(Siebel, 2005a)In general, Airlines are increas ingly giving greater importance and priority to CRM and looking for loyalty solutions.1Database Marketing works closely with the FFP team who manage and maintain the customer database, as well as being used to run precisely targeted campaigns and promotions and produce management reports on consumer by tracking track the mileage of the airlines frequent flyers. (Virgin Atlantic, 2006a)CRM activities of BA, Virgin Atlantic and BMI follow the principles of the architecture model shown over the page.(Siebel, 2005b)4.0 Frequent Flyer Programmes4.1 BackgroundBAs FFP is called the Executive Club, consisting of three tiers, known as theBlue, Silver and Gold Tier, which reflects the customers buying patterns.Customers are banded in to a particular tier according to their score on RFV2; high scorers enter the higher tier and receive greater benefits in return. (British Airways, 2006a)The Flying Club is the name of Virgin Atlantics FFP, which consists of the Red, Silver and Gold levels, where new members are given a red card and the status increases to silver and gold, as their RFV score increases. (Virgin Atlantic, 2006b)BMI customers join the Diamond Club (FFP) there are no tiers due to they switch to a single class service.3 (bmi, 2006a)All three airlines have marketing partners within the travel and tourism industry; please view Appendix 6-8 for the details.The implementation of CRM begins with the data mart/warehouse which is used to collate information via queries, testing customer communications and other means of output. The third stage includes the customer service interface which includes elements such as reservations and customer service and the fourth stage the use of tailored touchpoints. (AAI, 2001b)5.0 The use of data warehouse/data marts and software solutionsThe CRM strategy helps to tailor and communicate benefits and services to customers in a timely order. Virgin Atlantic highlighted the ways it helps their organisation, as listed below:* Administrat ion of Membership Records* Advertising* Marketing* Public Relations* Software Development* Testing* ResearchVirgin Atlantic stores the information collected from their frequent flyer program in many different transactional databases. They have a data mart called Genio, which helps them control their customer data.Genio extracts snapshots of the transactional system and copies them into an operational data store Genio reshapes the transactional data into structures and values that are fed into a multidimensional database to facilitate management reporting and analysis.Virgins OLTP database structureBMI have also been using Genio data warehousing since early 1998, which had then used Genio only to solve their specific organisational data problems. It was initially used to handle the exchange of data between BMIs Oracle and Essbase databases. It is used with numerous information systems to provide crucial data ageing solutions. It holds the corporate data accessible to many employees. (Cummings, 1999)Recently BMI has set a 10-year contract with Fujitsu in January 2006 to provide CRM applications including other IT services and products. They are likely to employ Siebel, CRM software.BA uses data warehouse in which databases are combined across an entire enterprise, where data marts focus on a particular subject or department. BA labels their data marts as dependent data marts, which are subsets of larger data warehouses. Here the companys relational database and transactional data are kept. However, other data, not used for decision support is also stored in data warehousing.This allows BAs marketers and analysts to manage customer communications and combine both operational and analytical customer management more efficiently.The FFP programme will be part of many other programmes within the data mart, please refer to Appendix 9 for further information.6.0 Operational and Analytical CRMThe initial information added on the FFP databases includes the data from the loyalty programme membership.4The Internet is an important communication median between FFP members who are able to use the site to check their mileage, rewards and earning opportunities as well as enrolling new members online. This strengthens brand awareness and helps to acquire new members for its customer retention program.Registered customers can receive account update, program information and special offers. The airlines respond quickly and appropriately, whilst providing their departments with the feedback needed to improve services.BAs Customer-enabled portal managed by SITA SC is where customers can book and manage their travel via its website. Important information is held for key customers and is used to identify groups of customers who are using the site so BA can market to other sectors. (SITA, 2005)Virgins website www.virgin.com/atlantic, allows passengers to reserve and pay for tickets online as well as gain destination information.5 EDS Air Transport Service Group ma intains SHARES, the reservation and booking engine of Virgin Airways.(Inside Panther, 2006)Blue Sky introduced in 2003 is BMIs e-enablement programme covering processes like e-ticketing, self-service check -in and online check-in.Research shows that Virgins online booking system lacks efficiency and good quality data e.g. a customer received a reminder email with incorrect flight details. (Tuck, 2006)When the automated check in service (ACI) is used to check in passengers with their loyalty card this can give insights in to their needs and wants. Most companies use this technique.ACI holds the following information:* The flight number* Passengers name* Seat number* Flying club number* Gender information* Baggage informationVirgin Atlantics customer recognition programme UNIQ, is linked to the ACI system so employees are able to identify passengers who require special treatment. This segmentation method is used for customers travelling on VAA routes.6The numbers of UNIQ customers are recorded by the premier service team on to the lotus notes database at London Heathrow. This is linked to the CRM database, Avenue,7 which incorporates the sales structure and analyses sales performance. Its used to plan the delivery of products and services that customers want.Once BAs raw operational data is fed in to the database it is cleaned using proprietary software and a single customer view is created as part of the CRM strategy to understand the customer behaviour.Additional variables added on the database include:8* Gender* Type of trip* Purpose of trip* Domestic/short European hop/long haul tripLife-stage, Lifestyle and Geo-demographics are used to support the primary data.Data exploration techniques are applied once the database has been cleaned; housed and enhanced, using a strategic communications plan.BAs bespoke value-behaviour segmentation model is used to understand and identify consumer relationships, this requires the customer information, including:* Number of flights they took* The flight destination* Length of trip* Seat Class* Number of people on the booking* Value of transactionBAs ICM and Teradata CRM supports email, direct mail, call centre and web channels, this technology supports e.g.* Online purchase, check in, and loyalty club registration* Value segmentation* Trend forecasting* Rapid campaign creation and implementation* Automated self service, using BAs CEBA (Customer-Enabled BA)* Personalised communication and customer service* Direct email campaign execution* Personalising website landing pagesIdentification of special events in the year is used to predict forecasts and how the FFP data would be used to compensate for unusual days and/or adverse weather conditions.Since 2005 Fujitsu has provided BMI with CRM software that generates an integrated view of journeys, profiles and behavioural trends so BMI can offer personalised services when used with loyalty cards.The illustration, over the page shows how operational data com municates within the FFP system to produce analytical CRM.Siebel (2005e)7.0 Data Quality and IntegrityTo ensure consistency and appropriateness of customer service BA carries health checks on their services to maintain valuable relationships with customers.DataFlux, BAs provider of data quality integration solutions, provides data profiling technology and provides an interface to uncover potentially problematic data (Cary, 2005)Virgin Atlantics software solution Business Objects provides an integrated BI platform that includes data integration, reporting, query and analysis, and performance management. (Business Objects, 2005)The companies update customer details by sending them an email asking them which information is out of date. This gives the customer the opportunity to update and correct current details they have.8.0 Touchpoint AnalysisTouchpoint is a means of contact between a customer and the company for any reason. Below is a generic diagram highlighting the touchpoint elem ents that airlines follow through the customer journey.(Siebel, 2005f)The FFP program is used to identify the customer value before targeting them with a combination of particular touchpoints. Database is used for direct marketing in the form of, emails, Mail, door drop around travel shops and local press and radio advertisingThe graphic highlights the main touchpoints used by the companies to communicate to the customers at the differing stages of their journey.(Siebel, 2005g)The illustration shows the touchpoints made by the companies to maintain loyalty. 9 (Siebel, 2005h)Viral campaigns are used by BA to increase customer reach and increase the number of opt-ins to the BA database and seat-sale awareness, e.g. Wimbledon sponsorships.The airlines also market to travel agents through trade publications and support sales team with promotions.Benefits from partner memberships are driven by passenger traffic that can be internalised from other carriers. This enhances operational perfo rmance and shapes the communication sent to customers.BMI has the advantage of full marketing corporation from Star alliance, with respect to the FFP. Research shows that BMI do not have an integrated common information technology platform to manage the alliances. There is lack of cross over information so different messages are sent to consumers because of the amount of knowledge about where the customer is within the customer journey stage.Virgin Atlantic and BA are part of bilateral groups as listed in Appendix 6-8.The extent to which the airlines hold consumer information depends on the amount of group-specific variables and member specific variables they hold, which shapes their communication accordingly.The purpose of the FFP is to keep customers and prevent them with flying with someone else. FFPs are designed to ensure customer loyalty by offering various forms of offers.9.0 Closed loop managementThe airlines try to retain their customers by keeping them in a closed loop, as shown below.(Siebel, 2005i)The example below is of BMI closed loop management.* They create loyalty promotion such as advertise the frequent flier program where passengers can earn miles and therefore benefits each time they fly* This is to encourage passengers to fly with them regularly, hence increasing loyalty* They create and execute marketing campaigns to raise awareness of their loyalty programs and any partnerships they have e.g. bmi are partners with hotels such as the Hilton hotels and car rentals such as Avis* BMI have a customer relations contacts team who deal with any queries or issue that passengers may have* All members transactions such as the number of flights they take and information about them is processed.* Results of their promotions are measured for example has sales increased after their campaigns or advertising* They manage Diamond Club, their frequent flier loyalty program* Member profiles are then tracked and analysed for patterns, similarities and diffe rences, as well as buying behaviours* Finally members are identified for targeted promotion, for example different types of people. As part of bmis FFP they have a high fliers section which is exclusively for PAs and secretaries organising business travel* The cycle continues and further loyalty promotions are createdBA and Virgin Atlantic operate in similar closed loop system.* They create a loyalty program which will attract passengers every time they fly with British Airways, they can earn BA miles to redeem rewards for flights* They encourage passengers to fly with them more, so that they are able to build high customer loyalty* BA creates marketing campaigns to increase the image and loyalty of the airline and their partnerships with Hotels like Marriot, Radisson and Starwood. They also have connections with One World Partners and Car Rental Services.* BAs aim within customer relations is to maintain a relationship with its customers after they have travelled, and ensure that t hey wish to travel with BA again* All members transaction of flights are now recorded and processed online so that customers can manage their account 24 hours a day* The outcome of promotional campaigns are measured after such success for example increase in sale figures* BA has a check-in online service which allows members of the executive club to access their frequent flyer program. This also gives them the opportunity to view their statement and claim missing BA miles* BA builds customer profiles so that they can track, update and record details on a regular basis. They also analyse buying behaviours.* They have fully trained and experienced professionals to respond to your comments and concerns about your experiences with the airline. They also provide other departments with the feedback they receive from customers so that they can improve their services to meet customers individual needs* Nevertheless, members are identified for targeted promotion in terms of different types o f people such as an On Business travel system. As a part of BAs corporate travel they have organised a strategy which will make your companys travel budget go further, by rewarding your company with On Business Points every time your employees travel with us.* Companies can save money by redeeming points for a range of travel products like reward flights, reward flight upgrades and Hotel accommodation. This service is open to a company with five or more travelling employees.* The Loyalty Marketing Lifecycle continues and more promotional activities are created10.0 ConclusionThe CRM not only depends on the database management but also the relationship management strategy and the contacts and communications. (AAI, 2001a)In reality there are many databases used by the companies which are interconnected, it is the ability of the system that can hold and help to translate the data in to useful meaning, which largely depends on the managers aptitude to use the system to its full potential .It requires cross-communication between the differing managers and staff working around the specific database. Each database is likely to have a specific objective for storing particular information e.g. check in system, inbound calls, promotions etc.Despite analysing each database the core activities surround the inter-relation of the information between these databases.Customer information is segmented in accordance with customer buying behaviour and location, which is important because of their geographically diverse operations.1 Please refer to Appendix 1 and 2 for graphical representation of CRMs importance within the airline industry and the increased focus on FFP as part of CRM strategy.

Free Essays on Surrogate Mothers

Surrogate Mothers According to Elaine Landau in the book â€Å" Surrogate Mothers† â€Å"A Surrogate mother is a woman who conceives, carries, and gives birth to a baby for another person.† (Landau 9). 750 babies have been born through surrogacy at the center for surrogate mothers (â€Å"Frequently asked questions† 1). Many people do not know a lot about surrogate motherhood, so hey are afraid of it. Many women are insecure and they fear titles on the National Inquirer such as â€Å" Father falls in love with surrogate mother!† (Frank 140). Although many women fear the idea of surrogacy, more woman are contemplating the issue because of the increased knowledge of the process and the additional support given during the process of being a surrogate mother. The increased knowledge of the process sometimes does not put women who know about the â€Å"Baby M† case minds’ at ease. Basically, an infertile couple, the Sterns, went to a lawyer and said they would like to have a baby through a Surrogate mother. The lawyer located a lady who wanted to be a surrogate mother, Mary-Beth Whitehead. The Sterns, Mar-Beth Whitehead, and her husband, Richard Whitehead, met for lunch and a contract was drawn up. Mary-Beth Whitehead after many tries finally conceived and carried the baby. Over the time of her pregnancy, she felt like the Sterns were truing to control her life because of the fact that the Sterns would tell her what they thought was best for her during the pregnancy. Nine months later a baby girl was born and it was then that the Whiteheads realized they made a huge mistake. Mr. And Mrs. Whitehead told the Sterns they did not want to give up the baby and they were going to keep her. The Sterns did not like that and took the W hiteheads to court. After many emotional months of court trials and tribulations â€Å"Baby M† was awarded to the Sterns and all of Mrs. Whiteheads parental rights were taken away. Mrs. Whitehead later appealed the low... Free Essays on Surrogate Mothers Free Essays on Surrogate Mothers Surrogate Mothers According to Elaine Landau in the book â€Å" Surrogate Mothers† â€Å"A Surrogate mother is a woman who conceives, carries, and gives birth to a baby for another person.† (Landau 9). 750 babies have been born through surrogacy at the center for surrogate mothers (â€Å"Frequently asked questions† 1). Many people do not know a lot about surrogate motherhood, so hey are afraid of it. Many women are insecure and they fear titles on the National Inquirer such as â€Å" Father falls in love with surrogate mother!† (Frank 140). Although many women fear the idea of surrogacy, more woman are contemplating the issue because of the increased knowledge of the process and the additional support given during the process of being a surrogate mother. The increased knowledge of the process sometimes does not put women who know about the â€Å"Baby M† case minds’ at ease. Basically, an infertile couple, the Sterns, went to a lawyer and said they would like to have a baby through a Surrogate mother. The lawyer located a lady who wanted to be a surrogate mother, Mary-Beth Whitehead. The Sterns, Mar-Beth Whitehead, and her husband, Richard Whitehead, met for lunch and a contract was drawn up. Mary-Beth Whitehead after many tries finally conceived and carried the baby. Over the time of her pregnancy, she felt like the Sterns were truing to control her life because of the fact that the Sterns would tell her what they thought was best for her during the pregnancy. Nine months later a baby girl was born and it was then that the Whiteheads realized they made a huge mistake. Mr. And Mrs. Whitehead told the Sterns they did not want to give up the baby and they were going to keep her. The Sterns did not like that and took the W hiteheads to court. After many emotional months of court trials and tribulations â€Å"Baby M† was awarded to the Sterns and all of Mrs. Whiteheads parental rights were taken away. Mrs. Whitehead later appealed the low...

A Company Policy for Electronic Information and Communications Essay

A Company Policy for Electronic Information and Communications - Essay Example This policy is formulated with the intention of ascertaining certain standards, to which the employees of the company should comply while operating computers and internet. The electronic communication tools are usually utilized by employees with the intention of conducting business operations effectively. The policy devised by the HR Director of the company will comprise the following contents or steps: The employees of the company using computers as well as internet services are required to utilize them with responsibility. Moreover, the employee should maintain measures to protect the information resources. The policy will provide guiding principles in order to ensure that electronic communications, as well as information technologies, are used in an appropriate manner (Safe Technology, â€Å"Workplace Template and Specimen Policy†). The objective of the policy will be to ascertain that the electronic resources of the company are used properly. Computers and internet services will be usually used for accessing as well as sharing of valuable information of the company. In this context, these technologies of the company are regarded to be an important factor for accomplishing the current as well as future activities of the company. The employees should acknowledge the rights of others in relation to their privacy as well as intellectual property. Furthermore, this policy will depict the standards as well as principles with which employees must abide by while utilizing the computers and internet services of the company (Safe Technology, â€Å"Workplace Template and Specimen Policy†). The formulated policy will be applicable to all employees of the company as well as other people who are granted the facility of accessing computers and internet services. The company possesses the right to monitor as well as investigate over all the communications which are performed through the network using the company’s computers and internet facility. Moreover, the company  can perform this monitoring or review activity with the objective to ensure that its interests remain intact and any untoward incident does not arise through means of the technological front.

Multicultural Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Multicultural Education - Research Paper Example This definition is a way of adding prospective and diverse material to make it more inclusive in traditionally underrepresented groups. Other people talk about classroom teaching styles or climatic issues that serve certain people while presenting obstacles for them. Still, others insist on education change as part of the larger societal transformation, in which humans closely explore and criticize the oppressive foundations of the society and how education serves in maintaining the status quo foundations, such as capitalism, white supremacy, exploitation and global socioeconomic situations. Despite the existence of multiple conceptualization of multicultural education, shared ideals provided a basis for its understanding. Some shared ideals focus on individual teachers or students while some are much more macro in scope and are about transformation. Multicultural education is a progressive approach that transforms education that holistically critiques and addresses current failings, short comings, and practices in education that are discriminatory (Nieto 67). It is brought up in ideals of, social justice, education equality and dedication to facilitating educational experiences, in which all students participate to their fullest potential as learners and as socially aware and active beings, nationally, locally and globally. Multicultural education agrees to the fact that that schooling is essential in laying the foundation for the transformation of society and elimination of injustice and oppression. Every child goes to school with an ethnic identity (Arel and Ruble 77). The ethnic identity might be conscious or unconscious. The identification must be recognized and respected by the teacher since it forms the basis for learning activities in the classroom. The point is to acknowledge differences rather than ignoring them. It is equally critical that the students recognize and show appreciation to their own ethnicity and also learn to appreciate those of the ot her students in the class. The recognition of individual ethnic identities forms the beginning point of learning (Draper 211). It is the connector of both student to student and teacher to student. Ethnicity appreciation is the basic building block in the learning process, which requires knowing where the student id relative to him/herself and content to be put under consideration. Ethnic identification forms are continual points of focus throughout the process of education and it is also the basis for developing the next level of identification. The next level understanding is the national identification. The national identity of a people requires their understanding and commitment to the democratic ideals such as human equality, justice and dignity. In the national identity of an individual, the focus is put on becoming effective members of the demographic society. The strong national identification of an individual is essential to his/ her development of global identification. Mu lticultural education has had five dimensions, which include; the knowledge construction process, content integration, prejudice reduction, empowering school culture and social structure and equality pedagogy. The dimensions are widely used by schools in conceptualizing and developing programs, course and projects in multicultural education. The dimensions are interrelated. Content integration explains the acts in which accidents examples and content from a variety of groups and cultures to demonstrate key